Prof. Ute Römling is Professor of Medical Microbial Physiology at the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and adjunct Faculty at the International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan. Dr. Römling’s long-standing research interest is ubiquitous second messenger cyclic di-nucleotide signaling in the regulation of biofilm formation, motility and virulence in particular in the gastrointestinal pathogen Salmonella typhimurium and in the phylogenetic context. Another major long-standing research interest concerns the survival and persistence mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clone C world-wide predominant in patients and aquatic habitats.